January
Doctor Francis E. Townsend establishes his Old Age Revolving Pensions Limited to provide $200 a month pensions to all retirees - the Townsend Plan.
Shotgun George Ziegler masterminds the kidnapping of wealthy St. Paul, Minnesota, resident Edward George Bremer for the Barker-Karpis gang. A $200,000 ransom is paid.
The Merlin (developed from the F.XI Kestrel) is adopted as the engine for the Interceptor Monoplane (Hawker Hurricane).
Jan 1
Los Angeles, California, floods kill forty-five people. Some canyon areas get up to ten feet of water and debris. Downtown records 8.26 inches of rain since December 30; Azusa gets 16.29 inches.
Columbia defeats Stanford in the Rose Bowl.
Jan 6
A League of Nations truce in the border war between Bolivia and Paraguay - the Chaco War - breaks down.
Jan 7
Farmers protesting a planned embargo begin preventing milk trucks from entering Chicago.
Russia's first ambassador to the U. S. arrives in New York City.
6,000 German pastors protest Nazi efforts to quiet their voices.
Jan 8
The U. S. Supreme Court, in Home Building and Loan Association v. Blaisdell et al, upholds a Minnesota law temporarily banning mortgage foreclosures.
French embezzler Alexander Stavisky, implicated in a bank swindle, dies by gunshot under mysterious circumstances in a Chamonix ski chalet.
Jan 9
Turkey, with the aid of U. S. industrial experts, issues a five-year plan.
Football's Bart Starr, Green Bay Packers quarterback and coach, is born.
Jan 10
Marinus Van der Lubbe is guillotined in Leipzig, Germany, for starting last February's Reichstag fire.
Jan 11
German police raid the homes of many dissenting clergy.
Jan 14
Spanish leftist Louis Companys is elected president of Catalonia.
Jan 16
Vermont's Mount Mansfield Ski Club is organized.
Opera singer Marilyn Horne is born in Bradford, Pennsylvania.
Jan 17
Jazz pianist Cedar Walton is born.
Jan 18
Carlos Mendeita is elected president of Cuba.
Jan 19
Robert Moses becomes the first city-wide parks commissioner, in New York City.
Jan 21
President Franklin D. Roosevelt extends the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), increasing its budget by $850,000,000.
Fishing schooner captain Fred Howard, 85, dies in Danvers, Massachusetts.
Mercantile heiress Charlotte Spaulding (Mrs. Franklin) Sidway dies in Buffalo at the age of 91. She had witnessed Lincoln's first inauguration.
Jan 22
Paris police breaks up demonstrations, arrest 750 Royalists and Communists.
Jan 23
Roosevelt recognizes the new Cuban government.
Jan 26
Germany signs a ten-year non-aggression pact with Poland.
Russia's 17th Party Congress convenes in Moscow.
Jan 27
France's Chautemps Cabinet resigns over a bank scandal.
Jan 28
Bank robber John Dillinger is arrested in Tucson, Arizona, and charged with the murder of a East Chicago, Indiana, policeman during a holdup.
The first ski tow in the U. S. is installed in Woodstock, Vermont.
Jan 29
Members of Canandaigua, New York's women's Current Events Club pose for a group photo, dressed in period costume.
Jan 30
Judge Alexander Ackerman declares the Agricultural Adjustment Act, designed to control surplus crops, unconstitutional.
The U. S. Congress passes the Gold Reserve Act, giving control of the value of the dollar related to gold, to the President.
Jan 31
The Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation is formed to provide refinancing of farm loans through the Farm Mortgage Refinancing Act.
Roosevelt fixes the dollar at 59.06 ¢, gold value.
February
Adrien Arcand, inspired by Germany's Nazi party, founds Montreal's National Social
Christian Party.
Swindler Charles Ponzi is released from a Massachusetts state prison.
Feb 1
A New York City art gallery holds a retrospective of painter Georgia O'Keefe.
Anarchist Emma Goldman pays a visit to her old home in Rochester, New York.
Feb 2
Roosevelt creates the Export-Import Bank to facilitate foreign trade.
Alfred Rosenberg is made the Nazis' philosophical chief.
Feb 3
The Nazis rewrite the references to Jews in the Psalms.
The Spanish Supreme Court pardons four convicted U. S. spies.
Feb 5
Louisiana Senator Huey P. Long introduces his Share Our Wealth program.
Baseball star Hank Aaron is born.
Feb 6
New York City taxi drivers walk off the job.
Paris mobs fight with police.
Feb 8
A fire at the Springfield's Illinois State Arsenal causes damage to the structure and destroys many records.
Temperatures in New York City drop to 7 degrees below 0 F, lowest here for this date.
Feb 9
President Roosevelt bans air mail contracts pending an investigation into bribery charges. In the meantime the U. S. Army will deliver the mail.
Greece, Turkey, Rumania and Yugoslavia sign the Balkan Pact. Bulgaria does not join.
Film star Cary Grant marries Virginia Cherrill in London's Caxton Hall registry office.
Temperatures in New York City plunge to 15 degrees below 0 F, during 59 consecutive hours of below zero temperatures, setting a February record here. When the thermometer drops to 22 below at Rochester, New York, also a record, the car-ferry Ontario II gets stuck in the ice. Lake Ontario freezes over from shore to shore.
Feb 10
Rochester, New York, composer Howard Hanson's opera Merrymount premieres at New York's Metropolitan Opera.
Feb 11
Pianist Vladimir Horowitz makes his debut with the New York Philharmonic.
A down-the-mountain run is held on Mount Mansfield, the first ski race in the Stowe, Vermont, area.
Feb 12
Austria's Dollfuss government executes 129 Socialists.
Feb 13
U. S. beer magnate August Busch commits suicide.
Feb 14
Actress-singer Florence Henderson is born.
Feb 15
The Civil Works Emergency Relief Act goes into effect, appropriates an additional 950,000,000 for continued civil works projects of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA).
Feb 16
Due to January's devaluation of the dollar $100,000 worth of gold arrives in New York City.
A rally in New York City's Madison Square Garden turns into a free-for-all between Communists and Socialists.
Feb 17
King Albert of Belgium dies in a climbing accident, is succeeded by Leopold III.
Dillinger is sentenced to a twenty-year jail term.
Feb 20
A snowstorm hits the northeastern U. S., causing more than thirty deaths.
The Utopian Society is incorporated, in Los Angeles.
Virgil Thomson's opera Four Saints in Three Acts opens in New York City, with its librettist Gertrude Stein in the audience.
Feb 21
Stavisky scandal witness Albert Prince is killed.
Nicaraguan rebel leader Augusto César Sandino and two of his aides are assassinated.
Feb 22
Frank Capra's film It Happened One Night opens at New York's Radio City Music Hall.
Feb 23
The U. S. Crop Loan Act is passed to provide farmers with loans for planting and harvesting.
British composer Sir Edward Elgar, 76, dies in Worcester, England.
Feb 25
Baseball commissioner John McGraw dies.
Feb 27
U. S. consumer advocate Ralph Nader is born in Winsted, Connecticut.
Feb 28
Pu Yi is named Emperor of Machukuo, China.
Jazz percussionist Willie Bobo is born.
March
Batavia, New York, businesswoman Mary Sweetland moves her Main Street restaurant further along the street, renames it the Berry Patch.
Mar 1
When the U. S. tries to pay Panama its rental on the Canal with a check, it is turned down. Gold is requested as specified by the treaty.
Heavy weight boxing champion Primo Carnera defeats Tommy Loughran to retain his title.
Mar 2
Habib Bourguiba forms Tunisia's Neo-Destour Party.
Mar 3
Bank robber John Dillinger breaks out of an Indiana jail using a fake pistol made from wood.
Mar 4
Composer Mario Davidovsky is born in Argentina.
Mar 5
The U. S. Supreme Court upholds the right of states to fix milk prices.
Parisian intellectuals sign a anti-fascist manifesto.
Mar 6
New York's cab drivers return to work, having won a wage increase.
Mar 9
Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gargarin is born.
Mar 10
Arizona's Governor Moeur, in a states' rights dispute, calls out the National Guard to
prevent the construction of Parker Dam.
Mar 11
Television news correspondent Sam Donaldson is born in El Paso, Texas.
Mar 12
Earthquakes strike Idaho, Utah and other western states.
The president of the Estonian assembly, K. Prats, seizes dictatorial powers.
Mar 14
A train explosion in El Salvador kills 250 people and injures a thousand more.
Jazz organist Shirley Scott is born.
Mar 15
Henry Ford restores the five-dollar-a-day wage to his employees.
The first youth hostel is founded, in the U. S.
Mar 17
5,000 blacks riot in New York City over the Scottsboro Boys trial.
Italy, Austria and Hungary sign the Rome Protocols, promising political and economic cooperation.
Mar 20
Germany's Doctor Rudolph Kuehnald performs radar tests for the navy.
Mar 22
An increasingly voluble Fred Goetz (Shotgun George Ziegler) is gunned down outside a Cicero, Illinois, cafe.
Mar 23
The congregations of Brooklyn's Plymouth Church and the Congregational Church of the Pilgrims agree to merge, the new church being named Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims.
Temperatures in New York City drop to 13 degrees F, lowest here for this date.
Mar 24
The U. S. Congress passes the Tydings-McDuffie Philippine Independence Act.
Mar 25
U. S. feminist editor Gloria Steinem is born in Toledo, Ohio.
Corning Glass engineer George V. McAuley's team pours the molten pyrex for Mount Palomar's 200-inch lens.
20.6 inches of snow fall on Amarillo, Texas, in a 24-hour period.
Mar 26
Switzerland bans the slander of state institutions.
Mar 27
Two people are killed by gangsters during Kansas City, Missouri, elections.
Dance Theatre of Harlem founder Arthur Mitchell is born in New York City.
Mar 28
Bethlehem Steel and U. S. Steel agree to raise wages by 10% on April first.
Mar 29
U. S. philanthropist and arts patron Otto Hermann Kahn, promoter of the Metropolitan Opera, dies in New York City.
Poughkeepsie, New York, architect William J. Beardsley dies there at the age of 62.
Mar 31
Dillinger shoots his way out of a police trap in St. Paul, Minnesota.
Actress-singer Shirley Jones is born.
April
Chinese communist forces fight the Nationalist forces to a standstill at Guangchang. Each side loses about 8,000 casualties.
Apr 3
British animal behaviorist Jane Goodall is born.
Apr 4
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania renew their friendship pacts with Russia.
Apr 6
Composer Nicolas Nabokov's ballet Union Pacific premieres in Philadelphia.
A silk factory in New Jersey is the first to be fined for violating National Recovery Act (NRA) regulations.
Apr 7
Spanish police put down a Socialist-instigated strike in Barcelona.
A pro-Nazi rally in a Queens, New York, stadium erupts in a number of small skirmishes when anti-Nazi protestors gather outside the arena.
Apr 10
Journalist-author David Halberstam is born.
Apr 12
The U. S. Senate begins investigations into war profiteering during World War I.
Turkey sends U. S. embezzler Samuel Insull back to the U. S. to face charges of bankruptcy- and mail-fraud.
Austria charges twelve Nazis and five Social Democrats with high treason and expels them.
F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender is the Night is published.
New Hampshire's Mount Washington records winds gusting to 231 mph - a North American record.
Apr 13
Federal Emergency Relief Administration head Harry Hopkins announces that 4,700,000 families in the U. S. are on relief.
The Johnson Debt Default Act prohibits further loans to countries already defaulting on debts owed to the U. S.
French police find exiled Communist Leon Trotsky living inside a barbed-wire compound near Fountainbleau Forest.
Apr 15
Bolivia reports killing and injuring 1,000 Paraguayans.
Apr 16
The Oklahoma National Guard halts real-estate foreclosures for delinquent taxes.
Italian bombs kill ten people on Greece's island of Rhodes.
Apr 17
France cancels Trotsky's political asylum.
Apr 18
The first laundromat (called a washateria) is opened by J. F. Cantrell in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
Apr 20
Astronomers discover a 16,000-mile-wide sunspot.
6,000 Parisian job hunters riot. The police arrest 1,000 people.
Apr 21
The U. S. Cotton Control Act, to manage quotas, is passed.
The Russian government throws the country's first fashion show, in Moscow, to counter accusations of drabness in clothing.
Apr 23
North Dakota Senator Gerald Nye is named chairman of the war profiteering investigation committee.
The chief of police of Berlin bans horoscopes and fortune telling.
Dillinger escapes from two posses in St. Paul, killing two pursuers and wounding five.
Apr 24
Film musical star Shirley MacLaine is born in Richmond, Virginia.
Apr 25
Spain's Cabinet resigns. Martial law is declared.
Cancer activist David de Peyer is born.
Actor Denny "Scott" Miller is born, in Bloomington Indiana.
Apr 27
Thirteen nations, including the U. S., sign an anti-war agreement at the seventh Pan-American Conference in Montevideo, Uruguay.
Apr 29
Exiled Tibetan Lama Panchen announces plans to return from China.
Apr 30
Houston, Texas, longshoremen go out on strike.
Austrian Chancellor Englebert Dollfuss has himself given dictatorial powers.
May
Famous Funnies, the first commercially sold comic book, is published.
May 1
The Philippine legislature ratifies the Philippines Independence Act, which calls for independence in 1946.
Jazz vocalist Shirley Horn is born.
May 3
H. G. Wells repeats an earlier prediction that there will be a world war by 1940.
Adolph Hitler creates a People's Court to judge those accused of treason.
Saudi Arabia invades Yemen.
May 5
M. Garner rides Cavalcade to victory in the Kentucky Derby.
Poland and Russia extend their non-aggression pact to 1945.
May 8
Company 235-C of the Civilian Conservation Corps, formerly located at Preston Hollow, New York, is relocated to Yaphank, Long Island, as a result of last year's racial problems.
May 9
The Jones-Costigan Sugar Act is passed by Congress to control sugar beet and sugar cane.
Barrie, Ontario's Trinity Anglican Church is gutted by a fire, restored by year's end.
May 10
Two days of dust storms sweep over Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado and Kansas, carrying off 300,000,000 tons of topsoil.
May 11
Insull is released on $250,000 bail - a record - by a Chicago court.
A western and southern dust storm reaches as far east as New York City, where it dims the skies for five hours.
May 13
The U. S. and Britain go into deadlock in talks on the German debt.
May 15
Latvia's Agrarian Party seizes the government from Parliament.
May 17
20,000 people attend a pro-Nazi rally at New York's Madison Square Garden.
The Rochester (New York) Engineering Society is incorporated.
May 18
President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs six crime-control laws, including ones to make
interstate kidnapping a capital crime, and one making it illegal to interfere with Federal law officers on duty.
Transcontinental & Western Air (TWA) begins commercial DC-2 service.
British admiral Sir Lewis Bayly, of World War I's Queenstown Naval Command, and his niece Miss Voysey, arrive aboard the liner Aquitania for a reunion with the U. S. fleet in New York.
May 19
Fascists take over the Bulgarian government.
Historian Willis John Abbot, 71, dies.
Broadcast journalist-novelist Jim Lehrer is born.
May 20
Attorney Clarence Darrow accuses the NRA of encouraging monopoly.
Future author Flannery O'Connor is confirmed at Savannah's Cathedral of St. John the Baptist.
May 21
A thousand people mob a New Jersey pro-Nazi rally.
The U. S. Supreme Court decides that Lee de Forest was the first to invent radio.
May 22
Pianist Peter Nero is born in New York City.
May 23
Bank robbers Clyde Barrow, 25, and Bonnie Parker, 23, are shot and killed by five sheriff's deputies under Texas Rangers Frank Hamer, near Gibsland and Plain Dealing, Louisiana.
Musician and music synthesizer inventor Robert Moog is born.
May 24
Tomas Masaryk is again elected President of Czechoslovakia.
Bolivia counterattacks at Fort Balivian. 6,000 Paraguayans are killed.
May 25
English composer Gustav Theodore Holst dies in London at the age of 69.
May 28
The Dionne Quintuplets - Annette, Cecile, Emilie, Marie and Yvonne - are born to Elzire Dionne on the family farm near Callander, Ontario, Canada. the first surviving quint in history.
Roosevelt bans the sale of arms to the participants in the Chaco War - Bolivia and Paraguay.
May 29
The U. S. signs a treaty with Cuba, releasing her from the terms of 1903's Platt amendment, and guaranteeing her independence.
May 30
Auto driver Bill Cummings wins the Indianapolis 500.
The Nazi party opens a trial, in Berlin, of 111 alleged communists.
May 31
The U. S. Senate consents to the Cuba pact.
President Roosevelt, aboard the USS Indianapolis, accompanied by British admiral Sir Lewis Bayley of World War I's Queenstown command, review the U. S. Fleet of 81 warships as well as 185 planes, as they arrive in New York City harbor.
June
Carson Smith (McCullers)'s friend Edwin Peacock, who she had met early in the spring, moves from Columbus, Georgia, to Fort Howard, Maryland.
Jun 1
Pop vocalist-actor Charles Eugene "Pat" Boone is born in Nashville, Tennessee.
Jun 4
Roosevelt asks Congress for $25,000,000 for flood relief.
Jun 5
Christopher Morley convenes the first meeting of the Baker Street Irregulars, named for the Sherlock Holmes street urchins, in New York City.
Televison journalist Bill Moyers is born.
Jun 6
The U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is established, with Joseph Kennedy as Commissioner, to regulate stock market transactions.
Pianist Philippe Entremont is born in Rheims, France.
Civil rights leader Roy Innis is born.
Televison writer-producer Esther Shapiro is born.
Jun 7
The U. S. passes the Corporate Bankruptcy Act to simplify reorganization.
Jun 8
Poland, Russia and Romania sign a pact, in Geneva, Switzerland, guaranteeing their present borders.
British Fascist Oswald Mosley causes disturbances when he addresses 15,000 Londoners.
Jun 9
Singer Jackie Wilson is born.
Walt Disney's Donald Duck made his debut in a small role in The Little Wise Hen.
Comedian-rabbi Jackie Mason is born.
Jun 10
Italy defeats Czechoslovakia to win soccer's World Cup.
English composer Frederick Delius dies at the age of 71.
Jun 11
Miners in Flin Flon, Manitoba, go out on strike.
A disarmament conference is Geneva ends, having been unable to come to an agreement.
Actor Gene Wilder is born.
Jun 12
The U. S. passes the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, and the Farm Mortgage Foreclosure Act.
Congress adopts an air mail letter rate of 6¢.
The U. S. becomes a member of the International Telecommunication Union (ITC).
An Act is passed in Washington eliminating alley dwellings (black slums) in the city.
Magician, author and inventor David Phelps Abbott dies at the age of 70 in Omaha, Nebraska.
Jun 13
Germany rejects a Russian pact to provide mutual aid.
Max Baer knocks out Carnera, in New York City, to become the new heavyweight boxing champion.
Television reporter Marianne Means is born in Sioux City, Iowa.
Jun 14
Hitler announces he will not pay any foreign debts.
Jun 15
The U. S. Senate consents to the Pan-American pact.
Joseph H. Freelander and Max L. Hausle's $8,000,000 Bronx County Building (Bronx County Courthouse) at Grand Concourse and East 161st Street is dedicated. The building displays detailing by sculptors Charles Keck and Adolph Weinmann.
Jun 17
North Dakota governor William Langer is convicted on charges of soliciting funds from Federal workers.
Jun 18
Congress passes the Indian Reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act to return some reservation lands to the tribes.
Jun 19
The U. S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is created out of the Federal Radio Commission, to regulate telegraph and radio communications.
The Silver Purchase Act permits an increase in the value of U. S. Treasury silver holdings, the federal purchase of silver, and nationalization of silver stocks.
A joint resolution of Congress renews the National Labor Relations Board for another year.
Early Hell's Canyon, Oregon, settler Martin Hibbs is shot in the back at his cabin. His body and that of another miner, Joe Anderson, is discovered in the ashes of his burned cabin. The crime is never solved.
Nathaniel West's A Cool Million is published.
Jun 21
80,000 soldiers are joined in another battle in the Chaco War.
Jun 23
Italy seizes Albania, sailing the Italian fleet into Durazzo.
20,000 members of the Utopian Society gather at Los Angeles' Hollywood Bowl.
Jun 24
Fats Waller records Somebody Stole My Gal, Dinah, 12th Street Rag and Blue Because of You.
Canadian-born actress Marie Dressler (Leila Marie Koerber) dies in Santa Barbara, California, at the age of 65.
Jun 25
Hopkins announces that 16,000,000 people in the U. S. are on relief.
Jun 27
Congress passes the Railway Pension Act.
Saudi Arabia's Ibn Saud and Yemen's Inman sign a peace treaty, ending the Desert War.
Operatic soprano Anna Moffo is born in Wayne, Pennsylvania.
Jun 28
The U. S. Federal Housing Administration (FHA), created by Congress to insure loans for constructing and improving farms and homes, passes into law as Roosevelt signs the National Housing Act.
The Taylor Grazing Act sets aside public land for grazing of livestock.
The Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act is passed, postponing mortgage foreclosures under certain conditions.
The Tobacco Control Act establishes controls on the industry.
Jun 29
Roosevelt places an embargo on the sale of arms to Cuba.
Jun 30
Hitler flies from Bonn to Munich to face rebellious storm trooper leader Ernst Rohm, reportedly caught in a compromising position with an aide. Declining an offer to commit suicide, Rohm is executed. Karl Ernst, Berlin storm trooper leader and former Prussian Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher and his wife, are executed, all while attempting to escape . Other rebellious storm trooper leaders are also executed - the Night of the Long Knives. The executions continue through July 2nd.
July
The British Parliament approves RAF Expansion Scheme A, setting an objective of 75 Home Defense squadrons over the next five years.
RAF Squadron Leader Ralph Sorley of the Air Ministry's Supply and Research Department claims fighter pilots will need to be equipped with six or eight guns firing 1,000 rounds a minute to destroy an enemy bomber on a single pass.
Jul 2
Key West, Florida, municipal leaders, faced with bankruptcy, turn control of the city's finances over to the Federal government. Governor David Sholtz declares a state of emergency and creates a relief program, to be headed up by state FERA head Julius F. Stone, Jr.
Jul 3
German vice chancellor Franz von Papen resigns.
Keisuke Okada is named as premier of Japan.
Jul 4
French physicist Marie Curie dies, in Sallanches.
Actor and playwright Colin Welland is born in Lancashire, England.
Poet Chaim Bialik dies, in Vienna.
Jul 5
2,000 National Guardsmen are moved to San Francisco, California, after local maritime workers walk off the job. A workers' clash with policemen leaves two dead and 115 injured.
Jul 7
Fred Perry defeats Jack Crawford and Dorothy Round wins over Helen Jacobs at the Wimbledon tennis classic.
Jul 9
Commander-in-Chief of Germany's SS, Heinrich Himmler, is given command over all concentration camps.
American Airlines inaugurates sleeper service between New York and Chicago.
Jul 11
U. S. public relations expert Ivy Lee admits agreeing to work for the Nazis.
Jul 12
Classical pianist Harvey Levan, Jr. (Van Cliburn) is born in Shreveport, Louisiana.
Jul 15
Composer Harrison Birtwistle is born in Accrington, England.
Jul 16
100,000 union workers walk off the job in sympathy with the dockworkers - the first general strike in the U. S.
Jul 18
A heat wave strikes the Midwestern U. S.
Jul 19
Labor leaders call off the general strike.
Langer is replaced as governor of North Dakota. He will later be vindicated and re-elected.
Maurice Wilson of England dies attempting to scale Tibet's Mount Everest alone.
Jul 20
Minneapolis, Minnesota, police open fire on striking truckers.
Jul 21
Phil Nowland creates the comic strip Buck Rogers.
206 people have died in the Midwest heat wave in the past three days.
French resident general of Morocco Marshal Louis Hubert Lyautey dies.
Jul 22
John Dillinger is shot down and killed by Federal agents outside a Chicago movie theater.
Jazz saxophone player Junior Cook is born.
Jul 23
Jazz composer and soprano saxophone player Steven Norman Lackritz (Steve Lacy) is born.
Jul 25
Nazi rebels assassinate Austrian chancellor Englebert Dollfuss.
Jul 26
Russia's first polo game is played in Moscow.
Mussolini moves 48,000 troops to the Austrian border.
Jul 27
The French Communist and Socialist parties form a United Front, to combat fascism.
Jul 28
Dancer Jacques d'Amboise is born in Dedham, Massachusetts.
Jul 29
Fires sweep forests, grain acreage and pasture lands in Idaho, Montana and Washington State.
French bicyclist Antonin Magne wins the Tour de France.
Kurt Schuschnigg is named chancellor of Austria.
Jul 31
West Coast maritime workers return to the job.
Two German rebels are hanged for the murder of Dollfuss.
August
The U.S.'s Intracoastal Waterway opens.
The American Liberty League is formed to unseat Roosevelt and cancel his New Deal policies.
Future murderer Stanis Ludwig (now going under the name Morley King), returns to the U. S. with his wife Helen, after residing in the Middle East since 1927.
Canada's Dominion Railways and Canals Department has received bids for restoring the third Welland Canal, from its intersection with the ship canal to Carleton Street in St. Catharines, to it's pre-canal condition.
Aug 1
German president Paul von Hindenburg dies.
Aug 2
The German army swears loyalty to Hitler.
Aug 3
Roosevelt visits Bonneville, Oregon, the site of a proposed hydroelectric dam.
U. S. author Leon Marcus Uris is born in Baltimore, Maryland.
Aug 4
Russia opens diplomatic relations with Bulgaria.
Aug 6
Von Hindenburg is buried.
Aug 8
Canada's L. Reid and J. R. Ayling fly the first non-stop flight from Canada to England, departing from Wasaga Beach, Ontario.
A Los Angeles police chief accuses movie stars of contributing to Communism.
Aug 9
The federal government begins to buy all U. S. silver, at a set price.
Reid and Ayling arrive in London, England.
Chiang Kai-shek takes command of China's troops to crush Communist uprisings.
Aug 11
Rochester, New York's centennial festivities open at Edgerton Park, run through September 9th.
Germany wins the fourth International Women's Games in London.
Aug 13
15,000 tons of rock plunge into the gorge below Niagara Falls.
Aug 14
San Francisco socialite Maryon Cooper Hewitt takes her twenty-year-old daughter Ann to California state psychologist Mary Scally, who examines the girl and declares her to be feeble-minded. Titon E. Tillman, a physician, recommends sterilization to the mother.
Andrew Mellon buys a Raphael in Riga, Latvia, for $1,500,000.
Aug 15
The U. S. ends its military occupation of Haiti.
Aug 16
New Brunswick, Canada, issues a commemorative postage stamp to mark the province's 150th anniversary.
Louisiana's governor Huey Long passes 27 bills.
U. S. scientist William Beebe descends 3,000 feet into the ocean in a bathysphere.
Aug 17
Fats Waller records Don't Let It Bother You.
Aug 19
German voters agree to Hitler's becoming president as well as chancellor.
Aug 20
The U. S. joins the International Labor Organization (ILO).
Roosevelt drops tariffs against livestock feed.
Aug 21
Mussolini meets with Austrian chancellor Schuschnigg.
Aug 22
U. S. farmers threaten to expel Japanese and Hindu farmers from Arizona's Salt River Valley.
Al Capone is sent to San Francisco's Alcatraz prison.
Aug 24
The U. S. signs a reciprocal trade agreement with Cuba.
Mussolini, speaking in Bologna, Italy, warns Italy that war is coming.
Red Army commander Chen Yi is wounded in the hip at Gaoxingxu while on a tour of the front with Zhou Enlai.
Aug 28
Socialist politician-novelist Upton Sinclair runs for governor of California under the End Poverty in California (EPIC) platform.
Aug 31
All gold in the San Francisco Mint is moved into the Denver Mint.
A U. S. textile strike extends to wool workers.
September
Carson Smith (McCullers) travels by boat from Savannah to New York City to begin her career as a writer. She loses her support money and begins a series of odd jobs.
After repeated attempts to rescue a deer trapped on a ledge above a gorge at Watkins Glen, the animal finally escapes.
Mao Tse-tung is living in a small house near the General Headquarters in Yudu.
Sep 1
1,000,000 U. S. textile workers go on strike.
Colonel Roscoe Turner flies from New York to Los Angeles in ten hours, two minutes and 51 seconds, beating his old record.
Talks in the textile strike fail and silk workers are ordered to walk out.
Sep 3
Bourguiba and other Tunisian Neo-Destour leaders are placed under house arrest.
Evangeline Booth becomes the first female leader of the Salvation Army.
Sep 4
A New York City court sentences John Smiuske to six months in jail for burning a satirical portrait of Roosevelt.
Sep 5
Hitler arrives in Nuremberg, Germany, for a giant Nazi rally, predicts the Third Reich will last for a thousand years.
Sep 6
The U. S. reports that Hitler is building submarines in foreign ports.
Sep 7
The car-ferry Ontario I is turned around by rough weather while on a moonlight cruise, sponsored by restaurateur Joe Ryan, out of Rochester, New York, with 500 passengers aboard. 60 people are injured and carried to local hospitals, forewarned by the Coast Guard cutter Eagle.
Huey P. Long orders 2,000 troops to New Orleans to forestall an effort by the city's mayor T. Semmes Walmsley to keep Long from assuming the governorship.
Sep 8
The liner Morro Castle, bound from Havana, Cuba, to New York, burns and sinks off the coast of New Jersey. More than 130 people are killed as 125,000 watch from shore.
Ku Klux Klan members in New York State's Westchester County pledge support for Naziism.
Avant-garde composer Peter Maxwell Davies is born in England.
Sep 9
Fascists and anti-Fascists demonstrate in London's Hyde Park.
A U. S. rocket breaks the sound barrier.
Sep 10
U. S. scientist Aristid van Grosse, working in Cleveland, Ohio, isolates the element Protactinium.
German-born English composer-conductor-singer Sir George Henschel dies at the age of 84.
Sep 11
Eight people are shot as Rhode Island textile strikers battle troops.
Sep 12
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania sign the Baltic Entente.
Sep 14
U. S. feminist author Kate Millet is born.
Sep 15
A New York City gas station attendant is paid with a five dollar gold certificate that turns out to be from the Lindbergh ransom. He jots down the license plate number.
Sep 16
German Lutherans stage an anti-Nazi march in Munich.
Richard Blandon, lead singer with The Dubs, is born in Montgomery, Alabama.
Sep 17
Tennis player Maureen "Little Mo" Connolly is born.
Sep 18
Russia is admitted to the League of Nations.
Sep 19
The driver who paid for gas with a five dollar gold certificate turns out to be Bruno Richard Hauptmann.
Detroit Tigers baseball player Hank Greenberg refuses to play today's game because it falls on Yom Kippur (Jewish Day of Atonement).
Sep 20
Hauptmann is arrested for receiving the Lindbergh ransom.
Italian film star Sophia Loren is born.
Sep 22
Roosevelt asks the textile workers to go back on the job.
Sep 24
Bolivians kill 1400 Paraguayans at the Battle of Algodonal.
Baseball player Babe Ruth makes his farewell appearance.
Sep 25
Hugh Johnson quits as director of the beleaguered NRA.
The U. S. yacht Rainbow wins the America's Cup.
Sep 26
The ocean liner Queen Mary is christened in Scotland as a crowd of 200,000 looks on.
Afghanistan becomes the sixtieth League of Nations member.
Sep 28
Jail officials discover a knife-like weapon in Hauptmann's cell.
French film star Brigitte Bardot is born.
Fats Waller records Serenade for a Wealthy Widow and Mandy.
Sep 29
Ethiopia issues a statement of friendship for Italy.
An editorial in the Chinese Communist Party newspaper by Luo Fu (Zhang Wentian) writes that the party's forces may have to abandon some of their centers in order to fight Chiang Kai-shek more effectively.
Sep 30
Roosevelt asks for a truce between labor and capital, to save his NRA.
October
Convicted embezzler Charles Ponzi is deported to Italy.
Cleveland Still, first tenor with The Dubs, is born in New York City.
Historian Barbara Wertheim (later Tuchman) goes to Tokyo as an unpaid assistant to William L. Holland, American Council of the Institute of Pacific Relations' international secretary, as he works on the "Economic Handbook of the Pacific".
Oct 1
Cuba suspends its constitution in order to combat Communism.
The New York Stock Exchange registers with the SEC.
Oct 3
U. S. textile workers agree to a six-month truce.
Oct 4
Enrico Fermi, working in England, measures the speed of the neutron.
Oct 5
A revolt by Spanish miners in Asturia is put down, with Francisco Franco coordinating operations from Madrid. 1500 miners are killed; twice as many wounded.
Oct 7
The newly-elected Spanish government of Alejandro Leroux crushes an attempt by Catalonian troops to secede.
Oct 8
A revolt breaks out in Madrid, Spain.
Charles Lindbergh makes a voice identification of Hauptmann.
Baritone Doc Green of The Drifters is born in New York City.
China's Red Army has a total complement of 86,859 men and women.
Oct 9
Yugoslavia's King Alexander and French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou are assassinated on a visit by Alexander to Marseille, France, by anti-Serbian radicals.
The St. Louis Cardinals win the World Series, defeating the Detroit Tiger, in Detroit.
Zhou Enlai arrives in Yudu to confer with a wounded Chen Yi on the upcoming Long March of their communist forces.
Oct 10
An editorial in the Chinese Nationalist daily newspaper Monguo Ribao, warns of the dangerous time to come, including a second World War. It calls for the Chinese people to return to strict morality. ** A few elements of the Chinese communist forces begin moving westward out of their headquarters in the soviet area at Ruijin, in Guangdong province - the first stirrings of the Long March. Most of those departing are members of a convalescent unit, provided with ten days of supplies. Party security chief Deng Fa leads the party off toward Yudu just before dusk.
Oct 11
Munich police attack German Protestants with sabers.
Oct 12
Johan Pommer, Archbishop of Latvia, is assassinated.
The core Long March participants have reached Yudu.
Oct 13
New York City police sink 1,155 slot machines in Long Island Sound.
Oct 14
Lux Radio Theater premieres, with a production of Seventh Heaven.
1200 Hungarian miners refuse to leave their mine and threaten to commit suicide unless their demands are met.
China places an export tax on silver, to halt its drain to the U. S.
Oct 15
French statesman Raymond Poincaré dies.
The U. S. reports that 10,800,000 people are now unemployed.
Mao speaks to Party cadres at Yudu, informs them of the Red Army's departure and what they might expect afterwards.
Chinese Nationalist general Chiang Kai-shek and his wife Meiling fly out of Nanchang to reconnoiter his country's northwestern area.
Oct 16
Communist China leader Mao Tse-tung abandons his base in Kiangsi and leads his troops, heading across southeastern China's Yudu River to the north - The Long March' official beginning. Seventy-four-year-old Zeng Xianhui leads one of the groups.
Five Morro Castle officers are found guilty of negligence.
Oct 18
Mao and his entourage join the Central Column and leave Yudu, crossing over the shallow Yudu River.
Oct 19
Roosevelt bans a bonus for veterans, declaring the unemployed come first.
Oct 20
A threat is made on Gloria Vanderbilt's life.
Oct 22
Federal agents track gangster Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd to an Ohio farmhouse and gun him down.
Oct 24
Ten-year-old Gloria Vanderbilt tells a court that she would rather live with her aunt, Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney, rather than with her mother, Mrs. Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt.
Mahatma Gandhi resigns from the Indian National Congress because of a dispute.
Oct 25
A Union Pacific train makes a record-setting transcontinental run, New York to Los Angeles, in 57 hours.
Cape Codder Wilbur Isaac "Bill-Ike" Small beats his own record, having gone for a full year without sleep.
Oct 26
Roosevelt opposes Upton Sinclair's candidacy for the governorship of California.
Oct 28
The FERA arranges to buy Long Island potatoes to feed the needy.
Oct 30
Hunger marchers in Denver, Colorado, are beaten by the police.
November
Upton Sinclair loses the California election by a narrow margin.
Nov 1
Union Pacific's new diesel cuts 14-and-a-half hours off the Los Angeles to New York run.
Nov 2
The Nazis order Jewish composer Felix Mendelssohn's wedding music for Midsummer Night' s Dream replaced.
Nov 4
New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art opens a new show on industrial art.
Nov 6
The Democrats increase their majority in Congress.
Nebraska becomes the first and only state to have a unicameral legislature.
Huey Long asks Louisiana to secede from the U. S.
Nov 7
The Philadelphia Symphony premieres Sergei Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody on a Theme by Paginini, in Baltimore, Maryland.
Fats Waller records If It Isn't Love and Breakin' the Ice.
Nov 9
Swedish Prime Minister Ingvar Carlson is born.
U. S. astronomer-author Carl Edward Sagan is born in New York City.
Nov 12
The Federal Reclamation Bureau stops construction on Arizona's Parker Dam site because of controversy surrounding the project.
Nov 13
Boston's Mayor Curley is elected Governor of Massachusetts.
Mussolini orders all teachers to wear Fascist uniforms on the job.
German envoy Joachim von Ribbentrop admits that his country is rearming.
Nov 14
U. S. Interior Secretary Harold Ickes halts construction of Parker Dam until states' rights issues are ironed out.
Jazz pianist Ellis Marsalis is born.
Nov 16
Leopold Stokowski conducts Harl MacDonald's First Symphony: The Santa Fe Trail.
Nov 17
Paraguay attacks a Bolivian fort, captures 10,000 troops.
Nov 19
Japan requests a naval ratio favoring Britain.
Nov 20
Lillian Hellman's play Children's Hour has it's New York premiere.
Nov 21
Cole Porter's Anything Goes opens on Broadway.
The courts award custody of Gloria Vanderbilt to her aunt.
Nov 23
Japan renounces the London treaty setting naval ratios.
Nov 24
A Chicago jury acquits Insull of mail fraud charges.
Nov 26
Swedish theologian Karl Barth is dismissed from his professorship at Bonn University when he refuses to sign a German loyalty oath.
Nov 27
Romania's army prohibits all communist groups.
Nov 28
George "Baby Face" Nelson shoots it out with two federal agents in Illinois, kills them and is later found dead in a ditch outside of Chicago with 17 bullets in him.
Winston Churchill warns England's House of Commons of a air threat by Germany.
As the Bolivian army in Chaco retreats president Daniel Salamanca's government is ousted.
Nov 29
The Mount Morris, New York, division of the Erie Railroad shuts down its electric line, runs only one gas-electric passenger car through 1941.
Nov 30
A royal decree annuls the Egyptian constitution and dissolves the Parliament.
Dec 1
Leningrad party leader Sergei Kirov is assassinated in Moscow, possibly on Stalin's orders.
Navy defeats Army in the football classic.
Dec 2
McAuley pours a second, improved Palomar lens.
Dec 3
The U. S. Supreme Court, in Hamilton v. Regents of the University of California, upholds the right of land-grant colleges to require military training.
Dec 5
U. S. author Joan Didion is born, in Sacramento, California.
Italy and Ethiopia join battle near the Somali-Ethiopia border.
Dec 8
Radio telephone service opens between the U. S. and Japan.
Dec 10
Italian playwright Luigi Pirandello wins the Nobel Prize for Literature.
The League of Nations asks Hungary to punish those plotting against the government of Yugoslavia.
Dec 12
Members of Canandaigua, New York's women's Interrogation Club pose for a group photo, dressed in period costume.
Dec 13
Texas's School Defense League is founded in San Antonio to promote educational opportunities for Mexican-American schoolchildren.
Dec 14
Turkey gives women the vote.
Dec 16
Construction begins on California's All-American Canal.
Mussolini rejects the League of Nations offer to mediate in the Ethiopian border clash.
540 Bulgarians are arrested and charged with engaging in a Communist plot.
Dec 18
Delegates from sixteen countries attend a Fascist Congress at Montreaux, Switzerland.
Dec 20
Katharine Cornell's production of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet opens at New York' Martin Beck Theatre starring herself, Basil Rathbone, Edith Evans, Paul Julian, and Charles Waldron. Teen-age Orson Welles makes his professional stage debut as Tybalt.
The New York Philharmonic premieres Philip James' Bret Hart Overture.
Dec 22
Black novelist Wallace Thurman dies of tuberculosis in New York City at the age of 32.
Dec 25
California's Santa Anita racetrack opens.
Dec 29
Japan formally renounces the London Naval Treaty of 1930 and the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922.
Stalin executes more than 100 people accused of involvement in the Kirov assassination.
U. S.
Architecture
The Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) is made.
Arizona
Work begins on the Yuma-Gila reclamation project.
Art
Salvador Dali has a show at a New York City gallery. ** Helen Blish presents a three-volume report on the artwork of Oglala Sioux artist Amos Bad Heart Bull to the Carnegie Institution. ** Collector and interior designer Henry Davis Sleeper dies. ** Peter Blume's 1931 painting South of Scranton wins first prize at Pittsburgh's Carnegie International Exhibition.
Aviation
American Airways changes its name to American Airlines. ** Designer Eldon Cessna leaves Cessna Aircraft, goes to the Douglas Aircraft Company.
Baseball
New York Giants pitcher Carl Hubbell strikes out five batters in succession during an All-Star Game.
Business
American Airways is renamed American Airlines. ** The past four years (ever since Hoover's Smoot-Hawley Act) have seen a two-thirds decline in world trade, due to retaliatory measures by foreign countries, which have increased their own tariffs.
California
Los Angeles' Farmers' Market and Gilmore Stadium open.
Chicago
Last year's Century of Progress Exposition having been so popular, a second season is held.
Communications
Congress passes the Communications Act, reversing the Supreme Court's 1928 Olmstead v. United States decision permitting wiretapping.
Conservation
The U. S. Forest Service inaugurates the Shelterbelt Project, to construct a 100-mile-wide system of windbreaks across the West, to reduce erosion and create jobs. It's discontinued in the early forties.
Drama
Sidney Kingsley wins the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for Men in White. ** Gilbert W. Gabriel's Clap Hands.
Education
Editor Hedley Donovan graduates magna cum laude from the University of Minnesota. ** Future Morehead State Teachers College president Harvey Arthur Babb earns his M. A. from the University of Kentucky. ** Future rear admiral Grace Hopper receives her doctorate in mathematics from Yale.
Film
George Cukor's David Copperfield, Mark Sandrich's The Gay Divorcee, W. S. Van Dyke II's The Thin Man, John Cromwell's Of Human Bondage, and Cecil B. DeMille's Cleopatra. ** Clark Gable wins the Academy Award for Best Actor for It Happened One Night.
Florida
80% of Key West's population is on public relief. By the start of winter's tourist season members of the community have donated over 2,000,000 hours of labor. ** Governor Sholtz turns a 1932 $2,124,000 deficit into a $591,000 surplus this year.
Government
Because of complaints, CCC director Robert Fechner directs that all blacks in the program enrolled outside their own states be returned to those states as soon as possible.
Historians
Stewart H. Holbrook becomes a free lance writer.
History
Herbert Hoover publishes The Challenge to Liberty. ** The Brookings Institute publishes America's Capacity to Consume. ** The National Archives and Records Service (later the National Archives and Records Administration) is formed.
Hollywood
Ayn Rand's play Woman on Trial (Night of January 16th) has a brief run. She completes another play, Ideal, but it is unproduced.
Indians
The Wheeler-Howard Act abrogates the Dawes Act, which was passed to 'whiten' Indians, through education.
Labor
Harry Bridges becomes president of the Longshoremen's Union.
Law
John Charles Doerfer graduates from Marquette Law School.
Leisure
Charles B. Darrow of Germantown, Pennsylvania, shows the first version of his Monopoly game to Parker Brothers' executives; they reject it for design errors.
Literature
James M. Cain's The Postman Always Rings Twice, L. W. Gilfillan's I Went to Pit College, Robert Cantwell's Land of Plenty, James Branch Cabell's Smirt, William Saroyan's The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze, Samuel Hopkins Adams' TheGorgeous Hussy, Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer and Zora Neale Hurston's first novel Jonah's Gourd Vine. ** Caroline Miller wins the Pulitzer Prize for Lamb in His Bosom. ** Lewis Mumford's Technics and Civilization. ** Author Robert Bloch sells his first story, to the pulp magazine Weird Tales. ** Jewish literary critic Ludwig Lewisohn publishes his article "The Revolt Against Civilization", warning of the danger of Germany's anti-Semitism. ** Writer-editor Gilbert Harrison meets Gertrude Stein briefly, after a lecture she gives in Pasadena.
Louisiana
Don's Seafood restaurant opens in Lafayette. ** Writer Irving Wallace interviews governor Huey Long, who tells the journalist he expects to live to be 99.
Michigan
Future playwright Arthur Miller enters the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor,
on a probationary basis, rooms in a private home with fellow New Yorker Charles Bleich.
Music
John Lomax is appointed first honorary curator of the Library of Congress Archive ofAmerican Folk Music. ** Pop hits: All Through the Night and Blue Moon. ** Gene Autry's Empty Cot in the Bunkhouse Tonight. ** Trumpeter Louis Bacon joins Duke Ellington's Orchestra, briefly. ** Trumpeter Buck Clayton joins Teddy Weatherford's band in Shanghai, China, plays with the group for two years. ** Tommy Grate, bass singer with The Dubs, is born in Beaufort, South Carolina.
Nature
Roger Tory Peterson's A Field Guide to the Birds.
New York City
The women's Zionist organization Hadassah forms Youth Aliyah to rescue German children. ** 70 trains a day are now crossing the Spuyten Duyvil Bridge. ** Fiorello La Guardia is inaugurated as mayor. ** The collections of Columbia University's Low Memorial Library are moved across the quadrangle to Butler Hall and the former library becomes an administration building. ** The City Parks Department moves into the arsenal in Central Park at Fifth Avenue and East 64th Street. ** The former Wendel family home at 39th Street and Fifth Avenue, is demolished for the construction of Rockefeller Center. ** Sicilian-born actor Attilio Barbato plays the part of the poet Sospirini on the WOV radio program Buon Pranzo (Good Lunch). He also plays Mr. Wilson in Il Filosofo Coloniale (The Colonial Philosopher) for the station). ** Dorothy Parker's profile of her friend Alexander Woollcott appears in Vanity Fair magazine. ** The practice of grazing sheep in the Central Park meadow is discontinued. ** A theatrical company formed by sister and brother Emma and Angelo Barbato produces and performs Donna Billonia featuring themselves and her two children, Atillio and Olga. ** Tavern keeper Bill McSorley sells the Fidelio Brewery the right to call its ale McSorley's Cream Stock and to display his father (founder of the tavern) John's picture on the label.
Bronx
Halsey, McCormack & and Helmer's Dollar Savings Bank on the Grand Concourse is completed. ** Robert Moses begins construction of Orchard Beach.
New York State
Ted Zornow, Sr. purchases his in-laws' Pittsford produce business and converts it into a bean and grain processing mill. ** The U. S. Veterans' Facility opens in Batavia. ** Painter Reginald Marsh spends six months in Hopewell Junction learning the fresco secco process from expert Olle Nordstrom. ** Albany politician Edwin Corning dies. ** Batavia mayor James J. Mahaney is inaugurated. ** Jesuit Joseph Timothy O'Callahan is ordained, in Poughkeepsie. ** A statue of Christopher Columbus is erected in Syracuse's St. Mary's Circle.
Philanthropy
Roosevelt inaugurates a series of birthday balls, to raise money for research.
Philosophy
Reinhold Niebuhr's Moral Man and Immoral Society.
Physics
Dr. Edwin McMillan and M. Stanley Livingstone discover oxygen-15.
Religion
Radio priest Father Charles Coughlin forms the National Union for Social Justice, demands inflation, begins denouncing President Roosevelt as a liar.
Rochester, New York
The city celebrates its centennial. Among the guests is Joseph Leech, mayor of Rochester, England. Horse car No. 55 is brought out of retirement for a run through city streets. ** Architect Claude Bragdon edits an introduces Louis Sullivan's Kindergarten Chats. ** Radio station WHAM begins carrying a Boy Scouts news program hosted by Hubbs & Hastings Paper Company executive Walter E. Hastings. Syl Novelli provides piano accompaniment. ** The Exempts firefighters squad is formed in the area around Thomas Avenue. ** Rochester Medical Center's George Hoyt Whipple receives the Nobel Prize for his research into pernicious anemia. ** Eastman Kodak has 23,000 employees. ** Vic Annis (Anuszkiewicz), restaurant worker, at a Culver Road stand at Seabreeze, buys his own place nearby, opens Vic's Stand. It will later be renamed Vic and Irv's. ** When a culinary school near Chicago closes Jay Lesure buys their recipe for a hearty clam chowder for $600, introduces it in his restaurant, Jay's Diner, on West Henrietta Road.
Science
Fritz Zwicky and Walter Baade distinguish supernovas from novas. ** Wallace Carothers leads a DuPont Company team in developing nylon.
Sociology
Florian Witold Znaniecki's The Method of Sociology.
South Dakota
When a flaw in the granite ruins sculptor Gutzon Borglum's Mount Rushmore head of Thomas Jefferson the granite is blasted off.
Sports
Sportscaster 'Red' Barber arrives in Cincinnati, Ohio. ** While stock-car racing driver William France is moving his family from Washington State to Miami, Florida, his car breaks down in Daytona Beach and he decides to stay. ** Baseball authority Harold Seymour graduates from Drew University.
Theater
Maude Adams tours in Twelfth Night.
Vermont
The Smuggler's Notch Spring Company is dissolved.
Virginia
Backed by John D. Rockefeller, rector W. A. R. Goodwin's Colonial Williamsburg opens as the first living history museum in the U. S.
Washington, D. C.
Congress creates the National Archives.
FOREIGN
Africa
Algerian-born French Islamic expert Jacques Berque begins working in Morocco in the colonial administration.
Art
Salvador Dali's William Tell.
Aviation
The Royal Canadian Air Force acquires its first ten fighter planes. ** Britain's Auxiliary Air Force (AAF) begins switching from bombers to fighters. ** 42 Home Defense squadrons are ready. ** The German aircraft industry is now turning out 180 planes a month in addition to the 584 already on hand. ** Adolf Galland becomes a fully qualified Lufthansa pilot. ** Germany develops the Heinkel He 111 transport-bomber. ** The British Air Ministry forms the Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defense, to explore theories of enemy aircraft detection and the possibility of exploding enemy bombs by radio waves.
Canada
Montréal's Les Conserts Symphoniques is founded, with Wilfrid Pelletier conducting. ** The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) acquires its first ten fighter planes. ** U. S. illustrator Rockwell Kent appears in Toronto while on a lecture tour, to great acclaim. ** Toronto newspapers report on 34 domestic disturbances across the country this year.
China
Moscow rejects an attempt by Bo Gu and Le De to send Mao Tse-tung there in the spring for 'medical treatment'; in reality an attempt to keep him from making the Long March. ** After being wounded on August 24 Chen Yi requests an x-ray, is refused, even though his bone splinters have not been all removed. When Zhou Enlai learns of it he makes immediate arrangements to have the x-rays taken before moving on.
Dance
Teenage ballerina Margot Fontes (Margot Fonteyn) makes her debut in the Vic-Wells ballet company's production of Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker.
Drama
Noel Coward's Theatre Royal , with Laurence Olivier, opens in London.
Egypt
Novelist Maguid Mahfouz earns his bachelor's degree in Philosophy from the University of Cairo.
England
Archaeologist Alexander Keiller begins locating the stones of the Great Circle, at Avebury, dating back to the Bronze Age and reburied in the 18th Century. ** Sir Mortimer Wheeler begins a three-year dig to explore the Iron Age Maiden Castle site in Dorset. ** German Rhodes scholar Adolf Schlepegrell attends an Oxford University Tory meeting at which Winston Churchill speaks, goads the politician into saying today's Germans must accept responsibility for World War I aggression.
Film
Rene Clair's The Last Millionaire. ** David Lean begins editing feature films.
France
Author Georges Bernanos moves to Majorca. ** A naturalist reputedly concludes that bees are physically unable to fly.
Germany
The Nazis jail Konrad Adenauer. ** Ferdinand Porsche designs the Beetle automobile. ** Hitler sends General Hans von Seekt to China to act as adviser to Chiang Kai-shek. ** Hitler confidant Ernst (Putzi) Hanfstaengl breaks with the Chancellor.
Government
A. J. P. Taylor's The Italian Problem in European Diplomacy, 1847-1849.
History
Arnold Toynbee's A Study of History.
India
An earthquake, rated at 8.4 on the Richter Scale, kills 10,700 people.
Ireland
Sectarian violence takes place in Belfast.
Japan begins incursions into China. ** A bottle containing a message washes up at a fishing village. It was written in 1784 by a shipwrecked sailor named Mitsuyama, originally from this same village.
Literature
Maxim Gorky convenes the first Soviet Writers' Congress. ** Robert Graves' I, Claudius, and James Hilton's Good-Bye Mr. Chips.
London
Wendy Hiller stars in Love on the Dole, adapted by her future husband Ronald Gow from Walter Greenwood's novel. ** Charles Darwin's granddaughter Nora Barlow visits Laura FitzRoy, daughter of HMS Beagle captain Robert FitzRoy. ** Parliament debates discrimination against Catholics in state employment. Irish Unionist politician Sir James Craig responds to Èamon de Valera's assertion that Ireland was a Catholic nation, argues that Northern Ireland possesses a Protestant Parliament and a Protestant Government.
Music
Black U. S. singer Paul Robeson appears in the Soviet Union. ** Dmitri Shostakovich's opera A Lady Macbeth of Mzensk premieres.
Peru
The family of future President Alberto Fujimori arrives from Japan.
Philosophy
Bertrand Russell's Freedom and Organization.
Portugal
Painter Abel Manta Applies for a vacancy as a teacher at the Fine Arts College of Lisbon with the canvas Apollo and the Nymph. He does a drawing for the Virgin of Belém stained glass window of Jerónimos Church. He wins the second medal of National Society for Fine Arts.
Religion
The final surviving child of Charles Dickens having died last year, the novelist's book The Life of Our Lord, can be published, as per the terms of his will.
Russia
Stalin begins a five-year series of purges. ** The nation's first zapovednik (nature preserve) - Kronotsky - is created.
Spain
Monarchist politician Antonio Goicochea visits Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and receives a promise to supply money and rifles for an coup attempt.
Switzerland
Joseph von Mehoffer, of Cracow, Poland, completes his stained-glass windows for St. Nicholas Cathedral in Fribourg, a 39-year project.
Copyright 2010 David Minor / Eagles Byte
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